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DIAPHORINA PSYLLID Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) -- Homoptera, Psyllidae (Contacts) CLICK on Photo to enlarge & search for Subject
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Cases
This psyllid and Trioza
erythrea (DelGuernica)
are important psyllids attacking citrus by transmitting greening or likubin
disease. Diaphorina citri
is distributed throughout most of Asia, but also occurs in Brazil, Reunion,
Mauritius and Saudi Arabia. In
Reunion D. citri is generally restricted
to lower elevations and rainfall areas.
Two eulophids, Tetrastichus
dryi Waterston and Psyllaephagus
pulvinatus Waterston,
were introduced from South Africa.
Only T. dryi became established but did
not control D. citri (although it did control Trioza) (Aubert & Quilici
1983). In 1978 Tetrastichus radiatus Waterston was
introduced from India, and along with an accidentally introduced parasitoid, Diaphorencyrtus
aligarhensis (Shaffee et
al.) produced complete biological control in two years (Kennett et al.
1999). Tetrastichus radiatus
was introduced from Reunion in 1984, but did not become established. Diaphorencyrtus
aligarhensis and Psyllaephagus sp. were already
present (Chiu et al. 1985). REFERENCES: [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL
Library] Aubert, B.
& S. Quilici. 1983. Nouvel quilibre biologique observ la
Reunion sur les populations de psyllids l'introduction et l'establissement d'hymenoptäres
chalcidiens. Fruits 38:
771-80. Chiu, S. C., K. C. Lo., C. C. Chien, C. C. Chen
& C. F. Chen. 1985. A review of the biological of crop pests
in Taiwan (1981-1984). Spec. Publ.
No. 19, Taiwan Agr. Res. Inst. p.
1-8. Kennett, C. E., J. A. McMurtry & J. W.
Beardsley. 1999. Biological control in subtropical and
tropical crops. In: Bellows, T. S. & T. W. Fisher (eds.), Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. 1046 p |